Category Archives: Historical Links, Pre-Independence

Coming soon: A 360° view of Hampi online

Hampi World Heritage Area Management Authority will digitise and document 1,600 monuments at the world heritage site.

Photographing of Hampi’s monuments has started. Once it is over, digitisation and documentation will follow
Photographing of Hampi’s monuments has started. Once it is over, digitisation and documentation will follow

Get set to see the unseen Hampi online soon. After the ASI showcased important monuments under its jurisdiction, HWHAMA (Hampi WorldHeritage Area Management Authority) has decided to digitise and document every monument, including minute details like survey number, brief and real-time updates on changes, if any, creating a virtual Hampi online. It will cover over 1,600 monuments under the state archaeology department’s jurisdiction.

The ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) has such a facility in place for protected monuments that are under its jurisdiction, with a 360-degree view of a few.

Several of the 1,600 monuments are listed, but not documented, and the HWHAMA’s initiative will give a better perspective on the heritage site, and it is hoped, it will attract tourists too. Photographing of the monuments has started and once this is over, documentation and digitisation will be done, said sources. “There are more than a thousand of them and showcasing them will not only help tourists but also help researchers. In some cases, the monuments are almost forgotten and abandoned,” a source told Bangalore Mirror.

State officials have already started demarcation of ASI- and state-protected monuments. The ones protected under the state archaeology department include Purandaradasa Mantapa, Koti Linga, Hastagiri Ranganatha, Yantrodharaka Devastana, and more than a hundred entry gates like Harishankara Gate, Bhima Gate, etc, to the historic city. These monuments will be photographed first. Later, they will be documented with details of origin, historic importance, current state and proposed conservation details.

“The work is to be taken up in phases,” the source added. “This is an effective move towardconservation as most of them are in bad shape. Now that they are getting attention, they will be restored and protected.”

Authorities at Hampi confirmed the documentation, but preferred not to divulge details on the initiative.

“We are documenting all the monuments protected under the state archaeology department’s jurisdiction. The process is on,” Dr R Gopal, commissioner, HWHAMA, told Bangalore Mirror.

source: http://www.bangaloremirror.com / Bangalore Mirror / Home> Bangalore> Others / by  Chetan R , Bangalore Mirror Bureau  / March 15th, 2014

Free health camp for Freedom Fighters

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Mysore :

City’s Freedom Fighters’ Association, in association with Arogya Bharati organisation, held a free health check-up camp at the Freedom Fighters Park in Subbarayanakere ground in city yesterday. Hundreds of people from across the city took part in the camp, which was open to freedom fighters and general public.

The camp, which was held regularly when freedom fighter Vedanta Hemmaige was alive, had stopped for the past two years. But the camp has now been revived and will take place regularly once in a month for the benefit of freedom fighters, senior citizens and the general public.

Association office-bearers Karunakar, M.R. Ramashesha, M.R. Jayasimha, Dr. D.S. Jagadish, Dr. M.G. Krishnamurthy and others were present.

source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> General News / March 10th, 2014

Shrine to immortalize Pope John Paul II’s visit to Bajpe

Mangalore :

The ‘Rome of the East’, which celebrated the beatification of Pope John Paul II three years back on the silver jubilee year of the first ever Papal visit to this coastal city, has another celebration in the offing.

A shrine is being built at the place where Pope addressed a humongous gathering of more than four lakh people on February 6, 1986. Also doubling the joy will be canonization of John Paul II by Pope Francis on April 27 this year.

Canonization is the act by which the Catholic Church declares a deceased person to be a saint, upon which the person is included in the canon, or list, of recognized saints.

Elaborating on the importance of the initiative, Fr William Menezes, public relations officer of the diocese of Mangalore, said: “It is a momentous occasion for us. Not only was John Paul II the first Pope to visit Mangalore, but will also be a Saint declared in our time.”

The shrine is being built at a cost of Rs 1.5 crore. Though work has begun, the shrine will not be complete when John Paul II is elevated to sainthood in April. It will be ready by August-September and the Vatican Ambassador to India – Apostolic Nuncio Salvatore Pennacchio will inaugurate it, Fr William said. A life-size bronze statue of John Paul II, sent by the Apostolic Nuncio, will be unveiled on that day.

Recently, a delegation led by Mangalore Bishop Aloysius Paul D’ Souza met chief minister Siddaramaiah requesting him funds for the shrine.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / Times of India / Home> City> Mangalore / by Stanley Pinto, TNN / February 28th, 2014

An unfinished episode

Embark on an adventure with Pheroze Kharegat as he takes us to a place steeped in history and conspiracy. Bara Kaman in Bijapur mesmerises and captivates anyone who looks upon it…

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With an overwhelming number of Mughal monuments in India, we tend to forget that, down South, in Bijapur,Karnataka has a great treasure house of Islamic architecture. Peep into the annals of history and you will be intrigued to know how this obscure  little town in northern Karnataka attracted countless dynasties in its brief thousand years of existence.

Dynasty rules

The mighty Chalukyas led the pack, followed by the Khiljis, the Bahamanis and the Adil Shahis. Bijapur’s ancestry rattles off the veritable who’s who of medieval India. They came here to rule and left their imprints in stone – the Gol Gumbaz unparalleled anywhere in the world, the sombre mausoleums and the lavish mahals.

Of all these, the most mystifying in the unfinished edifice is known as the Bara Kaman, or twelve arches. Arches that are silently crumbling, yet graceful. The unfinished tomb of Ali Adil Shah lies a short distance to the north of the citadel and the Gagan Mahal. The great high basement upon which the building stands is 215 feet square.

The most peculiar characteristic of the building are its arches. They are purely Gothic in outline, being struck from two centres with the curves continued up to the crown. On a raised platform, in the inner enclosure is the tomb of Ali Adil Shah. Standing at a dead end of a lane, located a few km from the present day Bijapur town, the Bara Kaman — as this mausoleum was called, stands in ruins.

There are no domes or pillars; just towering stone walls that curve into arches, built to represent death and immortality, as they tried to reach out to each other. The original plan was to build an edifice of 12 arches arranged both horizontally and vertically around the tomb of the king and his queens. However, barely a couple of arches completed the picture, while the rest of them seemed to have been left undone.
This is the incomplete mausoleum of Ali Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur, who ruled from 1656 to 1686. This building is also called as Ali Roza. This is located near to the Bijapur main market.

Family politics

Built in 1672 A D, it was the burial place of Ali Adil Shah II and his queens and members of royalty. But the planning of such a grand monument spelt death for the prince.

Ali Adil Shah was murdered by his father Ibrahim Adil Shah to prevent him from completing Bara kaman. Ibrahim Adil Shah feared that Bara kaman would lessen the popularity of Gol Gumbaz that he had gotten constructed. Bara Kaman has the tombs of Ali Adil Shah, his wife Chand Bibi, his mistress and his daughters.

The architect Malik Sandal, initially raised solid walls in the form of concentric arches and once the entire wall was erected, the inner arches were toppled off and only the outermost arch was left intact. Also iron rings were used to hold the stones in place. They weren’t cemented together.

If the mausoleum had been completed, it would have definitely rivalled the Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur.

As a visitor enters the place, he is bound to be impressed by the huge symmetrical arches. The pillars are built of stone and stand tall. The architectural skill of those who designed and constructed this monument is noteworthy.

It is a fine example of Islamic architecture which is synonymous with grace, beauty and opulence. There is no roof over the structure, a clear indication that work had to be stopped due to unknown reasons.

Massive pillars, with large stones nicely held together, support the arches, which soar to the sky. The arches are interlinked giving a picture of continuity.

The tombs are simple with no decoration and a hemispherical smooth top. Two of the arches are located on a tiered high platform, at a distance from each other, and have an austere look.

A wall at the back of the monument has a small arched opening as a lookout. The entire monument is bereft of any embellishment.

The garden in front is well maintained and the Archaeological Survey of India is looking after the upkeep of the monument, though no entry fee is charged.

It was rather late in the evening, and the sun’s rays filtered through the towering  arches, radiating a soft glow. The cenotaph just stood there throwing no clues as to why it was incomplete.

The only motive available in history is   pride that came between the father and the son. They both tried to surpass each other in terms of massive mausoleums.

source: http://www.deccanherald.com / Deccan Herald / Home> Supplements> Spectrum / Maharaja Features / March 04th, 2014

Count, count ’n’ there’s more

P. Subramanyam Setty has a collection of coins and notes that encapsulate nuggets of history.

TREASURE TROVE My collection is the rarest, says Subramanyam / Photo: Murali Kumar K. / The Hindu
TREASURE TROVE My collection is the rarest, says Subramanyam / Photo: Murali Kumar K. / The Hindu

At the 5th National Numismatic Exhibition that concluded in the city recently, Bangalorean P. Subramanyam Setty, the veteran coin and note collector, was honoured for his impressive collection over the years. At his Vijayanagar residence, heaps of albums with the rarest of notes and coins are neatly arranged and placed in a room that attracts anyone to take a closer look. “At the outset I want you to see the Fancy Number series in my note collection, they are thrilling,” says the septuagenarian, a member of the Karnataka Numismatic Society. The fancy is in the Mahatma Gandhi note series where the denominations from Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 10 bear the numbers 111111 to 999999 and from 100000 – 1000000, — 19 notes in all.

Out of the 136 Star Notes issued by the Reserve Bank of India, Setty has 130 out of them in Rs. 10, 20, 50 and 100. “Star Notes are currency notes issued by RBI for replacement of defectively printed bank notes bearing the star in the number panel for indication. Issued between 2006 and 2014, the present RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan too has issued three Star Notes of Rs.10, and I have many of them issued by former governors, Dr. Y.V. Reddy and D. Subba Rao too,” he explains. Going back to pre-Independence British India Series-1, with a profile portrait of King George VI on the first series of RBI notes issued in 1938 is what Setty cherishes, while his post-Independence Republic India Series – II has a Rs.1000 note issued in 1954 with the Brihadeeshwara Temple of Tanjore depicted on the reverse. “Look at the size, it’s a huge 20 x 13 cms!” exclaims Setty.

“My collection is the rarest. Each of the old and exceptional of the notes costs in thousands to get hold of them. On many occasions we have travelled to the nook and corners to meet people who possess them, and we pay a premium,” says Setty. The Republic of India Ashoka Pillar series with the Chakra depicting the wheel motif of the Konarak Sun Temple issued in 1975 and the Mahatma Gandhi Series issued from 1996 are all available with him. “The one rupee Gandhi series of 1969 and the Rs.2. 5 and 10 issued between 1957 and 1970 stands out in my collection as the RBI stopped one and two rupees in 1995,” he says, the nearly 200 staggering variety with different signatures making up his note collection.

Subramanyam Setty also has an astounding 71 varieties of ‘Commemorative Coins’ up-to-date, issued by the government since 1964. “They are referred to as the uncirculated proof-sets,” he says. While most of these coins are in memory of events or renowned personalities of the country which are mostly in quaternary alloy with 50 per cent of silver along with copper, nickel and zinc, the thousand years of the Brihadeeshwara Temple in Thanjavur is commemorated with a 44 mm thousand rupee coin with 80 per cent of silver in its make-up!

The Platinum Jubilee dedicatory coin of the RBI released in 2010 is a Rs.75 denomination with the RBI monogram of the Tiger. “I am still waiting for the Motilal Nehru and Sant Tukaram coins, it takes six months to one year and we book a year in advance,” says Setty. “I also treasure the Mahatma Basaveshwara coin that I possess.” Born in Andhra Pradesh and settled in Bangalore with an agarbathi business, Setty’s son Sharath Babu and daughter Sharmila are captivated to be part of the note and coin fold, while his other son Varaprasad, a central excise employee, has received several awards for his postal stamp collection.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Features> MetroPlus> Society / by Ranjani Govind / Bangalore – March 03rd, 2014

Two-day workshop on endangered tribal languages in city

CIIL to document these languages; Dictionaries to be brought out and ethnic knowledge system to be recorded.

(from left) L. Ramamoorthy, Head, Linguistic Data Consortium for Indian Languages, CIIL; P.K. Misra, President, Anthropological Association; C.R. Satyanarayana, Deputy Director & Head, Anthropological Survey of India and Lawrence Surendra, Senior Fellow, ICSSR, at the workshop.
(from left) L. Ramamoorthy, Head, Linguistic Data Consortium for Indian Languages, CIIL; P.K. Misra, President, Anthropological Association; C.R. Satyanarayana, Deputy Director & Head, Anthropological Survey of India and Lawrence Surendra, Senior Fellow, ICSSR, at the workshop.

Mysore :

Anthropological Survey of India (ASI) in collaboration with Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) has organised a two-day workshop on ‘Endangered tribal languages in South India’ at ASI’s Manav Bhavan in Bogadi II Stage here since yesterday.

CIIL will take up a mega project under which it will document nearly 500 endangered languages in the country, each spoken by less than 10,000 people. The project has got its nod in principle by the Ministry of HRD and CIIL will collaborate with Universities and Institutes in carrying out the project.

Speaking to media persons, L. Rama- moorthy, Head, Linguistic Data Consortium for Indian Languages, CIIL, said that the work would be taken up under a scheme to preserve and protect endangered languages.

“The objective is to bring out dictionaries and also document and preserve the ethnic knowledge system enshrined in the languages, including folklore. It would also extend to frame grammar rules. Also, experts would give suggestions for revitalisation of these languages. The project would be carried out phase-wise. About 70 languages from different parts of the country would be studied in the first phase and 500 words would be taken up in a span of 10 years,” said Ramamoorthy and added that the study and documentation of each language would cost Rs. 6 lakh to Rs. 8 lakh.

Earlier, P.K. Misra, President, Anthropological Association, Mysore, inaugurated the workshop on ‘Endangered tribal languages-Initiatives from CIIL.’ Speaking on the occasion, he said “Language is embedded in society and culture. It is an important tool to identify people belonging to different communities. The region, inhabited by Jenu Kuruba community, is also home to other communities like Betta Kuruba, Soliga, Yerawa and others,” and added, “The status of language should be understood in the context of society and culture which were not static but under constant change. Even the changing external environmental factors have affected the traditional lifestyle of the tribal people.”

Ramamoorthy, during the workshop, quoting a survey, said that there was no consensus on the status of endangered languages. “While the Census of India 2001 fixed the number as 122, Anthropological Survey of India put it at 323, while a UNESCO report said 196 Indian languages were endangered,” he said and added, “Language is a complex phenomenon and its use is also complex due to the onset of globalisation. We get to know one’s culture through the clan’s name of the community to which they belong. In fact, many languages are known through their communities.” He hoped that the workshop could work out parameters and tools to identify an endangered language.

Lawrence Surendra, Senior Fellow, Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), who delivered a special lecture on ‘Endangered tribal languages and cultures’ said, “There is a link between language and bio-diversity as they reinforce each other. Language represents knowledge. Endangerment of language is far more serious than that of culture because with the extinction of language, the entire encyclopaedia of knowledge enshrined in that language would be lost forever.”

C.R. Satyanarayana, Deputy Director & Head, Anthropological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, subject experts from different Universities and Institutes are attending the workshop which concludes today.

source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> General News / February 25th, 2014

Felicitation marks 28th death anniversary of freedom fighter R.S. Naidu

 

RSN Memorial awardees (sitting from left) Senior Advocate M.A. Sampath Iyengar, Sri Kumara Nijaguna Swamiji of Kollegal and Star of Mysore Editor-in-Chief K.B. Ganapathy are seen with (standing from left) artist Dr. Jamuna Rani V. Mirle, District Kannada Sahitya Parishat President M. Chandrashekar, sculptor L. Shivalingappa, KSOU VC Prof. M.G. Krishnan and N.K. Ramesh of RSN Trust.
RSN Memorial awardees (sitting from left) Senior Advocate M.A. Sampath Iyengar, Sri Kumara Nijaguna Swamiji of Kollegal and Star of Mysore Editor-in-Chief K.B. Ganapathy are seen with (standing from left) artist Dr. Jamuna Rani V. Mirle, District Kannada Sahitya Parishat President M. Chandrashekar, sculptor L. Shivalingappa, KSOU VC Prof. M.G. Krishnan and N.K. Ramesh of RSN Trust.

Mysore :

“R.S. Naidu was a multi-faceted person excelling in every field,” opined Prof. M.G. Krishnan, Vice-Chancellor, Karnataka State Open University (KSOU).

He was speaking after inaugurating a programme organised by R.S. Naidu Art and Cultural Welfare Trust at Nadabrahma Sangeetha Sabha on JLB Road here yesterday to mark the 28th death anniversary of Freedom Fighter and Sculptor R.S. Naidu.

Krishnan said that Naidu joined Youth Congress and worked for its unification. He added that Naidu was also an art patron and a good sculptor.

On the occasion, RSN Memorial award was presented to Senior Advocate M.A. Sampath Iyengar, Sri Kumara Nijaguna Swamiji of Kollegal and Star of Mysore Editor-in-Chief K.B. Ganapathy.

Addressing the gathering, Ganapathy said that Naidu after having worked hard for the society turned a loner towards the end probably upset over the value deficit in society.

He said that though many leaders fought for nation’s freedom only a few are being remembered. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, for example, is hardly remembered despite his great contribution for country’s unity. He also lauded the services of R.S. Naidu Trust.

Mysore Art Gallery President and sculptor L. Shivalingappa presided. District Kannada Sahitya Parishat President M. Chandrashekar was present.

Later, a cultural programme was presented by Mahathi Orchestra and M-Modal troupe.

source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> General News / February 25th, 2014

Sangeetha Kalanidhis of Mysore

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by M.L. Krishnaswamy

The Madras (Chennai) Music Academy is one of the oldest Music Sabhas or organisations catering to the South Indian or Karnatak style of music in the whole of South India. It’s deliberations or festivals celebrating music in all its variety and glory are conducted in the December month of each year, sometimes reaching out to early January also.

Each year the festival starts in the morning and goes through the day, culminating in a concert in the evening by a senior musician of the day. Each year they have made it a practice to invite a very senior Vidwan or Musician of the day to preside over a function, deliberating on the discussions and nuances of the Karnatak style of music and on the last day, he or she will be conferred with the title “Sangeetha Kalanidhi,” the highest award to be given to any musician of the region comprising the four major States of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka.

This highly distinctive title — something akin to the ‘Tansen Samman’ in the North has been conferred on four senior musicians of Mysore namely, all late K. Vasudevacharya, T. Chowdaiah, Mysore V. Doreswamy Iyengar and R.K. Srikantan.

This is a great honour for Mysoreans and all of us should justly be proud of the four stalwarts mentioned above. I will write about these four gentlemen in my subsequent series. In fact, the latter two of the above four have been honoured with the Padma Bhushan.

Let me now deviate from the above for a while and write about another forgotten aspect of our heritage city and what our present day Mysoreans’ contributions should be to make Mysore truly befitting to earn that epithet. In this connection, Raga Vaibhav — a nearly decade old — had organised a musical discourse on Saint Thyagaraja last month by the well-known Vidushi Vishaka Hari of Chennai, who gave a splendid performance to a crowded audience of connoisseurs. She exhorted that Mysore should build beautiful Bhavans or Auditoria in the names of the above mentioned four stalwarts.

My suggestion in this connection are as follows:

(i) Purandaradasa, Kanakadasa and Basavanna are the three stellar names in the field of Music and Vachana in pure Kannada language. The former two created what is called ‘Dasa Sahitya’ while the third one created ‘Vachana Sahitya,’ both rich in literary content and philosophical output. We have to commemorate their rich legacy by constructing a beautiful memorial structure in the form of a central circle with three outshoots at 120° apart, each being dedicated to each of the above saints, as is indicated roughly below: and depicting and displaying the photographs, historical evidence and their voluminous contributions to the rich legacy of Kannada literature and music. The central circular building will have a small auditorium with a capacity of 100-200 to stage concerts relating to the above luminaries. The way they have enhanced the content of the Kannada culture is by all means fantastic and the above mentioned structure will be a display-edifice of

their works. This will truly be a notable addition to the heritage title of the city and the discerning tourists, both local and foreign will have a good time visiting this architectural marvel and savo- uring the music and songs of the trio in a compact place with facilities made available accordingly. In course of time, such a centre should become a veritable source of guidance and teaching to young artistes in the field. Audio & video and other adjunct facilities should also be made available in these structures.

(ii) How to fund the above effort?

There are many leading industrial houses in Mysore such as Infosys, Larson & Toubro, N.R. Group and many others who should be persuaded to fund such ventures in a big way on appeals made by the Kannada and Culture Department and Tourism Development Corporation on the Government side and other philanthropic minded connoisseurs of Mysore. As regards the contributions of Basavanna, the Suttur Mutt can be persuaded or requested to associate itself in such a venture in a big way. I am sure Sri Shivaratri Deshikendra Swamiji, the presiding pontiff of the Mutt will not say ‘NO’ to such an appeal. The Departments are focal point to float the idea and should enlist support from the culturally oriented citizens of Mysore. These edifices would surely attract a large number of tourists also.

In this connection, I have to regretfully mention about the tardy progress made by the Government as regards the house of late R.K. Narayan, an English language Novelist of Mysore, who had made a great name in the literary field. Will the authorities wake up now and complete the project?

The Chief Minister of Karnataka is from Mysore and it is not out of place if an appeal is made to him in this respect to launch this project and make necessary budgetary provisions after envisaging the support of the private enterprises as mentioned above. A kick-start can be made and the ball set in motion.

It is very interesting to note here that the three luminaries namely— Purandaradasa (a Nayaka community born by name Krishnappa Nayaka in an earlier avatar before his enlightenment and evolution); Kanakadasa (a Kuruba community man, who strode into limelight after his enlightenment and JagaJyothi Basavanna (a Brahmin by birth, who shunned his sub-caste and founded a new religious order namely, Veerashaivism). The contributions of all the three to Kannada literature and philosophical thought are immense. It is impossible to imagine that how in their absence, the Kannada literary and cultural world would have been poorer in substance and content. It is only proper that the heritage city of Mysore should honour these stalwarts with appropriate memorials.

At this juncture it would not be out of place if, to the list of three persons above mentioned, another name is added: D.V. Gundappa, whose ‘Manku Thimmana Kagga’, a classic by itself and, if it had been translated into English, it would have perhaps hit the portals of the Nobel Committee meriting a prize along with ‘Geethanjali,’ Rabindranath Tagore’s masterly classic which brought him the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Note: We already have three such auditoria named as ‘Vasudevacharya Bhavana’, ‘Veena Sheshanna Bhavana’ and ‘Bidaram Krishnappa Ramamandira,’ all named after three musical greats of Mysore.

source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> Feature Articles / February 24th, 2014

Eavesdropping on some Mysore court musicians – 2

Here we present the last part of the column ‘Eavesdropping on some Mysore Court Musicians’ by R.G. Singh of Ramsons Kala Pratishtana…

This photo of Veene Subbanna was taken at the Mysore Palace along with Veena Seshanna.
This photo of Veene Subbanna was taken at the Mysore Palace along with Veena Seshanna.

 Mysore :

Veene Subanna was yet another star in firmament of stars that surrounded Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV.

Veene Subbanna was born with the proverbial silver spoon since not only was he born into wealth but he was also the grandson of Veene Venkatsubbaiah. Venkatasubbaiah was musician at the court of Tanjore and was invited by Krishnaraja Wadiyar III to the Mysore Royal Court.

Subbanna was born in 1854 into a family of musicians tracing their lineage to the legendary Adi Appayya of Viriboni Varnam. Subanna’s grandfather Venkatasubbaiah’s extraordinary skills earned him both honours and lands as gifts.

The untimely early death of his younger brother left Subbanna the sole heir to the vast properties.

Subanna’s music lessons began early under the guidance of his father Dodda Sheshanna from whom he learnt Veena and Mysore Sadashiva Rao who trained him in singing. He, along with Veena Seshanna would practice for long hours. Subbanna often sang along as he played.

Musicians visiting the court of Mysore were invited to perform in Subbanna’s house and Subbanna would honour them with money and rewards several times more than that given by the King himself.

At one concert, Ramnad Srinivas Iyengar, after giving a concert at Subbanna’s house, found that his ring was missing. Subbanna at once brought out his own jewel box and showing the musician several rings requested him to take whatever he wanted. The story is that Srinivas Iyengar chose the most expensive one!

It is believed that Subbanna donated to charity liberally and even gave away his 300-year-old Kanaka Rajata Veena, to his disciple Keshava Murthy !

source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> Feature Articles / by R.G. Singh / February 23rd, 2014

Heritage marks this mosque

It reminds one of the oldest mosque in Kerala in Calicut, maybe even in India – a quiet nondescript house sitting serenely in one of the most crowded areas in Mangalore called Bunder. We had been searching for it and so understated was it that we were directed to two other mosques before we actually found it.

The Zeenath Baksh Mosque is thousand years old / DH
The Zeenath Baksh Mosque is thousand years old / DH

Maybe we should have asked for Jumma Masjid for that is its other name. We went through bustling alleys and streets, most of whom had their own mosques, new ones with domes of different shades of glistening green domes and minarets.

Finally we reached Bunder. The street was lined with shops selling a plethora of goods ranging from groceries to bicycle parts. By sheer happenstance we asked a particular shop owner where this mosque was and he pointed next door to say” It’s here only”. Here? We were surprised as it seemed like just another house.

It is housed a little inside from the road. We were conspicuous by our presence, my friend and I, for there were hardly any women going in or out. A young man in a kurta pajama and white cap came forward and my friend asked if we could take a picture. He agreed instantly and asked if we would like to come inside. But he said, you will have to cover your heads. We agreed and he took us around , very patiently explaining to us its history.

He said that it was a thousand years old; Islam in Kanara dates back to the twelfth century, as it had become the regional center for thriving international trade with Africa and Arabia. There are purportedly letters from Cairo assumed to be from an Abraham Ben Yiju, a North African Jew who settled here for twenty years.

This was unlike the other fellow traders who came and went intermittently, but ultimately went back to their land of origin. These missives are part of the Genizah documents (so called because they were found in the Genizah which is the back room of a synagogue) prove the existence of trade between Africa and Arabia and India. Author Amitav Ghosh researched these scholarly documents for his story in his brilliant novel “In an Antique Land”.

In a similar fashion, Muslim Arab traders had a cordial relationship with the rulers of the western coastal belt of India. This is attested to also by the writing of Ibn Batuta, the intrepid North African traveller who passed through India in 1342 who estimates that the Muslims in this region amounted to 4000.

The Masjid Zaynath Baksh in Bunder is said to have been established in Mangalore in 644 A.D and was inaugurated in February 644 A.D.

In the seventeenth century, Tipu Sultan renovated the mosque adding beautifully carved rosewood pillars and also a carved ceiling. The mosque was renamed after his daughter Zeenat Baksh. The prayer hall is on a plinth with an open colonnade running around the building under heavy overhanging eaves. The renovation coexists in harmony with the older, more ancient structure.

Men were praying with quiet intensity, some standing with stretched hands and some were sitting and praying. I traced the curlicues  in the carved ornamentation of the pillars, standing solid and reassuring.

There is a pellucid ablution pool at the back and around the building is a cemetery.The façade of the mosque has green pillars supporting it.

Overall it gives the appearance of a dignified house of worship, providing a sacred sanctuary for both the dead and the living.

Maya Jayapal

source: http://www.deccanherald.com / Deccan Herald / Home> Supplements> Spectrum / by Maya Jayapal / February 25th, 2014